Pergamos (Revelation 2:12-17): Resist Satan’s influence, even to death, if necessary. 2. (20:10), The Last Judgment: the wicked, along with Death and Hades, are cast into the Lake of Fire, which is the second death. [103] The eventual exclusion of other contemporary apocalyptic literature from the canon may throw light on the unfolding historical processes of what was officially considered orthodox, what was heterodox, and what was even heretical. the church are advocating a policy of compromise (2:14-15,20), which has to To protect His people, the woman is “given two wings of a great eagle,” meaning she is safely taken into “her place,” where she will be protected for “a time, and times and half a time [apparently 3½ years], from the presence of the serpent” (Revelation 12:14). mourn New Babylon's destruction. Revelation 2:1 "Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks" “Angel”: The elder or pastor from the church (see note on 1:16, 20). (16:17–21), Aftermath: Vision of John given by "an angel who had the seven bowls", The great Harlot who sits on a scarlet Beast (with seven heads and ten horns and names of blasphemy all over its body) and by many waters: Babylon the Great. – Revelation 3:14-22, NAU. Revelation is a book that has been called everything from a hodgepodge of nonsense to a masterpiece. Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apokalypsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation." harm and will soon be vindicated when Christ returns, when the wicked are forever [3] While the dominant genre is apocalyptic, the author sees himself as a Christian prophet: Revelation uses the word in various forms twenty-one times, more than any other New Testament book. "Silence in heaven for about half an hour" (8:1). In this interpretation the primary agenda of the book is to expose as impostors the worldly powers that seek to oppose the ways of God and God's Kingdom. The Book of Revelation (also called the Apocalypse of John, Revelation to John or Revelation from Jesus Christ) is the final book of the New Testament, and consequently is also the final book of the Christian Bible.Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apokalypsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation. He suggested that the author was a certain John the Presbyter, Second-century Christian writers such as Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Melito (the bishop of Sardis), Clement of Alexandria, and the author of the Muratorian fragment identify John the Apostle as the "John" of Revelation. The First Beast—Comparing Daniel 7 and Revelation 13 Revelation Identifies End-Time Babylon The Second Beast of Revelation 13 Identifying the Antichrist The Final Confederacy Walking Through Daniel The Seven Plagues Walking through Revelation … Doctrine and Covenants, section 77, postulates answers to specific questions regarding the symbolism contained in the Book of Revelation. [67] Also, the Bible reads, "And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads". Scripture quotations are from the 1901 American Standard Version unless otherwise indicated. The obscure and extravagant imagery has led to a wide variety of Christian interpretations. [18][19] In the first, there was a scheme of cosmic renewal in "great Chaldean sky-spaces", which he quite liked. We will talk about the meaning of this time marker, “a time, times, and half a time,” in Revelation 11. 9 In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; 10 But (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works. The Woman and the Dragon. (19:11–21), The Dragon is imprisoned in the Bottomless Pit for a thousand years. One of these he called "the sovereignty of the intellect"[97] which he saw in a technology-based totalitarian society. Copyright 2002 © Zondervan. and Satan is imminent. Conventional understanding has been that the Book of Revelation was written to comfort beleaguered Christians as they underwent persecution at the hands of a Roman emperor. [citation needed], Charles Cutler Torrey taught Semitic languages at Yale University. Introduction and Benediction. The sun and sky [are] darkened by the smoke from the Abyss" (9:2). was the apostle, the son of Zebedee (see Mt 10:2). Praised for their works, love, service, faith, and patience. In recent years, theories have arisen which concentrate upon how readers and texts interact to create meaning and which are less interested in what the original author intended. "[95], D. H. Lawrence took an opposing, pessimistic view of Revelation in the final book he wrote, Apocalypse. John writes to encourage the faithful to resist staunchly the demands of [107][unreliable source? fully convinced that the Christian faith would soon triumph over the demonic [25] Origen seems to have accepted it in his writings. Revelation concentrates on Isaiah, Psalms, and Ezekiel, while neglecting, comparatively speaking, the books of the Pentateuch that are the dominant sources for other New Testament writers. Pergamos —Sixty miles northeast from Smyrna, would bring our apostle on his circuit to Pergamos, (more correct form of the word, Pergamum,) once the celebrated capital of a small kingdom ruled by a succession of noble monarchs. [citation needed], There are approximately 300 Greek manuscripts of Revelation. [69], The Book of Mormon states that John the Apostle is the author of Revelation and that he was foreordained by God to write it. Revelation Chapter 22. This interpretive method robs Revelation of any meaning for those to whom it was written. [87] Her The Face of the Deep is a meditation upon the Apocalypse. the language, style and thought of the Apocalypse (Revelation) with that of The martyr Church, yet too tolerant of licentious heresy, Revelation 2:12-17. "It is very nice if you are poor and not humble ... to bring your enemies down to utter destruction, while you yourself rise up to grandeur. Consequently, the work is viewed as a warning to not conform to contemporary Greco-Roman society which John "unveils" as beastly, demonic, and subject to divine judgment.[101]. The Seven Spiritual Figures. with the details. (21:1–8), God comes to dwell with humanity in the New Jerusalem. Winter that returns not to spring ... – who can bear it? "[17], Revelation was among the last books accepted into the Christian biblical canon, and to the present day some churches that derive from the Church of the East reject it. Jesus Knows (2:12-13) Jesus’ self-description is interesting and gives us a clue about what Jesus is going to speak about. "[93], Recently, aesthetic and literary modes of interpretation have developed, which focus on Revelation as a work of art and imagination, viewing the imagery as symbolic depictions of timeless truths and the victory of good over evil. (5:1), seven horns and seven eyes (5:6), seven trumpets (8:2), seven thunders (10:3), seven signs (12:1,3; 13:13-14; 15:1; 16:14; 19:20), seven crowns (12:3), [94] Accordingly, Revelation's meaning is partially determined by the way John goes about saying things, partially by the context in which readers receive the message and partially by its appeal to something beyond logic. The name Revelation comes from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis), which means "unveiling" or "revelation". Four times the author identifies himself as John (1:1,4,9; 22:8). The Book of Revelation (also called the Apocalypse of John, Revelation to John or Revelation from Jesus Christ) is the final book of the New Testament, and consequently is also the final book of the Christian Bible. "[59] As participatory agents in the work of salvation for all humankind, "This remnant announces the arrival of the judgment hour, proclaims salvation through Christ, and heralds the approach of His second advent. The temple of God opens in heaven, where the ark of His covenant can be seen. * [2:12–17] The letter to Pergamum praises the members of the church for persevering in their faith in Christ even in the midst of a pagan setting and in face of persecution and martyrdom . The relevance of John's visions[90] belongs to Christians of all times as a continuous present meditation. The people of earth retreat to caves in the mountains (6:15). [4][8], The book is commonly dated to about 95 AD, as suggested by clues in the visions pointing to the reign of the emperor Domitian. He very frequently combines multiple references, and again the allusional style makes it impossible to be certain to what extent he did so consciously. 2 Pt 2:15 ; Jude 11 ) and others who follow the teaching of the Nicolaitans ( Rev 2:15 ; see note … John is given a measuring rod to measure the temple of God, the altar, and those who worship there. All rights reserved. A distinctive feature is the frequent use of the number seven (52 times). 1 Timothy 2:12 Context. For the eighth century Apocalypse of John, see, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCollins1982 (. [21] This distrust of the Book of Revelation persisted in the East through the 15th century. [79] Various Christian anarchists, such as Jacques Ellul, have identified the State and political power as the Beast[80] and the events described, being their doings and results, the aforementioned 'wrath'. CHAPTER 12. (14:6–13), One like the Son of Man reaps the earth. (8:6–7), Second Trumpet: Something that resembles a great mountain, burning with fire, falls from the sky and lands in the ocean. [7] He was a Jewish Christian prophet, probably belonging to a group of such prophets, and was accepted by the congregations to whom he addresses his letter. prematurely. [71][non-primary source needed] Topics include: the sea of glass, the four beasts and their appearance, the 24 elders, the book with seven seals, certain angels, the sealing of the 144,000, the little book eaten by John, and the two witnesses in Chapter 11. Divisions in the book seem to be marked by the repetition of key phrases, by the arrangement of subject matter into blocks, and associated with its Christological passages,[45] and much use is made of significant numbers, especially the number seven, which represented perfection according to ancient numerology. c He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John , 2 d who bore witness to the word of God and to e the testimony of Jesus Christ , even f to all that he saw . Proud member Seven angels are given a golden bowl, from the Four Living Creatures, that contains the seven last plagues bearing the wrath of God. [81] Poetry was also the reason John never directly quoted the older prophets. 2 Corinthians 2:12 destroyed, and when God's people enter an eternity of glory and blessedness. (, Introduction: The Song of Moses and the Seven [15][additional citation(s) needed] Revelation may instead have been composed in the context of a conflict within the Christian community of Asia Minor over whether to engage with, or withdraw from, the far larger non-Christian community: Revelation chastises those Christians who wanted to reach an accommodation with the Roman cult of empire. Spiritual Meaning of REVELATION 2:12 previous - next - text - summary - Revelation - BM Home - Full Page. The nesting of the seven marches around Jericho by Joshua is reenacted by Jesus nesting the seven trumpets within the seventh seal (Josh 6:8–10; Rev 6:1–17; 8:1–9:21; 11:15–19). 14 And no wonder! [38], The Apostolic Canons, approved by the Eastern Orthodox Council in Trullo in 692, but rejected by Pope Sergius I, omit it. However, sometime after the child is born, he is caught up to God's throne while the Woman flees into the wilderness into her place prepared of God that they should feed her there for 1,260 days (3½ years). For example, he borrows the 'new temple' imagery of Ezekiel 40–48 but uses it to describe a New Jerusalem which, quite pointedly, no longer needs a temple because it is God's dwelling. John has been exiled to the island of Patmos (probably the site of a Roman penal colony) for his activities as a Christian missionary (1:9). The people of the world wonder and follow the Beast. Thyatira (Revelation 2:18-29): Resist false teaching. Only Jesus has the seven spirits (or “seven-fold Spirit,” meaning the complete or perfect Spirit of God), and only Jesus holds the seven stars, i.e., the seven angels (or pastors) of the seven churches (Revelation 1:20). And nowhere does this happen so splendiferously than in Revelation. After the eighth angel has devastated the earth, the seven angels introduced in verse 2 prepare to sound their trumpets (8:6). A scroll, with seven seals, is presented and it is declared that the, When the "Lamb having seven horns and seven eyes" took the scroll, the creatures of heaven fell down before the Lamb to give him praise, joined by myriads of angels and the creatures of the earth. Dahāg is mentioned as wreaking much evil in the world until at last chained up and imprisoned on the mythical Mt. They are sealed against any spiritual 15 Therefore it is no great thing if his ministers also transform themselves into ministers of righteousness, whose end will be according to their … But Christopher Rowland argues: "there are always going to be loose threads which refuse to be woven into the fabric as a whole. [101] Thus, his letter (written in the apocalyptic genre) is pastoral in nature (its purpose is offering hope to the downtrodden),[104] and the symbolism of Revelation is to be understood entirely within its historical, literary, and social context. Every mountain and island is moved out of place (6:14). Torrey argued that until AD 80, when Christians were expelled from the synagogues,[83] the Christian message was always first heard in the synagogue and, for cultural reasons, the evangelist would have spoken in Aramaic, else "he would have had no hearing. This list mentions it as a part of the New Testament canon. Interlude: The 144,000 Hebrews are sealed. Final admonitions. An Exegetical Summary of Revelation 12–22 (2nd ed., p. 55). The message is that everything in Revelation will happen in its previously appointed time. 2 (12) To the angel of the church in Pergamum write: This is what the one who has the sharp, double-edged sword says: (13) I know where you live—the place where Satan’s throne is located. 13 I know where you live, where the throne of Satan sits. Since Roman authorities at this time were beginning to enforce emperor worship, AR 107. Christina Rossetti was a Victorian poet who believed the sensual excitement of the natural world found its meaningful purpose in death and in God. [16] This is not to say that Christians in Roman Asia were not suffering, for withdrawal from, and defiance against, the wider Roman society, which imposed very real penalties; Revelation offered a victory over this reality by offering an apocalyptic hope: in the words of professor Adela Yarbro Collins, "What ought to be was experienced as a present reality. Prologue. "[84] Torrey showed how the three major songs in Revelation (the new song, the song of Moses and the Lamb and the chorus at 19: 6–8) each fall naturally into four regular metrical lines plus a coda. To the Church in Pergamum 11 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. In addition, there are numerous papyri, especially 47 and 115 (both 3rd century); minuscules (8th to 10th century); and fragmentary quotations in the Church fathers of the 2nd to 5th centuries and the 6th-century Greek commentary on Revelation by Andreas.[44]. [46] Nevertheless, there is a "complete lack of consensus" among scholars about the structure of Revelation. In her view, what Revelation has to teach is patience. It is compared with a fountain that flows in abundance where all may freely quench their thirst. Among the rejected [Kirsopp. Summary of the Book of Revelation. [62], 'Abdu'l-Bahá has given some interpretations about the 11th and 12th chapters of Revelation in Some Answered Questions. 12 To the angel of the church in Pergamum write: These are the words of the One who holds the sharp, double-edged sword. The interesting point is that the order is not the same. "[58] "Here is the patience of the saints; here are those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus. Lake translation: "not genuine"] writings must be reckoned, as I said, the Apocalypse of John, if it seem proper, which some, as I said, reject, but which others class with the accepted books. (16:4–7), Fourth Bowl: The Sun scorches the Earth with intense heat and even burns some people with fire. (13:6–10), Then, a Beast emerges from the Earth having two horns like a lamb, speaking like a dragon. Verse 4 validates our understanding that this is showing the people of God in their future, perfected state receiving the … It was probably the site of a settlement from a very early date. This summary of the book of Revelation provides information about the title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of Revelation. I. These armies kill a third of mankind by plagues of fire, smoke, and brimstone. It also ignores the time limitations the book itself places on the unfolding events (compare 11:2; 12:6, 14; 13:5). 13:11) does not just denote where the beast (Rome) is situated. [citation needed]. He regarded the Apocalypse as the work of an inspired man but not of an Apostle (Eusebius, Church History VII.25).[23]. The idea of the Eucharist as a foretaste of the heavenly banquet is also explored by British Methodist Geoffrey Wainwright in his book Eucharist and Eschatology (Oxford University Press, 1980). (16:1–2), Second Bowl: The Sea turns to blood and everything within it dies. The believers at Smyrna are warned against coming opposition (2:10),

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